Bagged lettuce ups the odds of getting a tainted product. When you buy a single head of lettuce, you’re making a bet that that exact crop hasn’t been infected. But the process of making prechopped lettuce essentially entails putting whole heads through a wood chipper. Once a single infected head enters that machine, the pieces of the infected lettuce stick around, and it’s likely that subsequent heads will become infected. “Buying a head of romaine lettuce is like taking a bath with your significant other; buying a bag of romaine lettuce is like swimming in a swimming pool in Las Vegas,” Bill Marler, a food-safety lawyer, told me.
Key Points
Question Does living within proximity to a golf course affect the risk of Parkinson disease (PD)?
Findings This case-control study found the greatest risk of PD within 1 to 3 miles of a golf course, and that this risk generally decreased with distance. Effect sizes were largest in water service areas with a golf course in vulnerable groundwater regions.
Meaning These findings suggest that pesticides applied to golf courses may play a role in the incidence PD for nearby residents.
The closer that someone lived to one of the 139 golf courses located in the regions covered by the project (or who shared water services with a golf course), the more likely they were to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s, the researchers found. After accounting for other factors, they calculated that living within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of a golf course was associated with a 126% increase in risk of Parkinson’s compared to people who lived six or more miles (9 km) away. Residents who shared water services with a golf course also had almost twice the odds of developing Parkinson’s as those who didn’t.
In an experiment by Palisade Research, AI models were tasked with solving math problems while being warned they might receive a shutdown message, which they were instructed to accept. However, three models—Codex-mini, o3, and o4-mini—ignored the instruction and sabotaged the shutdown script at least once during 100 test runs, with Codex-mini doing so 12 times, o3 seven times, and o4-mini once.
After adjusting for age, dementia rates were lowest in the Mid-Atlantic region, covering states like Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. Using this as a baseline, the researchers found that dementia rates were 25% higher in the Southeast (Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama); 23% higher in both the Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) and the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, and the Dakotas); 18% higher in the South (Texas, New Mexico, and Louisiana); 13% higher in the Southwest (California, Nevada, and Arizona); and 7% in the Northeast (New York).